Shanjida Rahman Sultana

Advantages and Disadvantages of Free Weights and Simple Weight-Pulley Systems (Gravitational) Pros (Advantages) • Exercises can be set up in many positions, such as supine, side-lying, or prone in bed or on a cart, sitting in a chair or on a bench, or standing. Many muscle groups in the extremities and trunk can be strengthened by simply reposi tioning the patient. • Free weights and simple weight-pulley systems typically are used for dynamic, non-weight-bearing exercises but also can be set up for isometric exercise and resisted weight-bearing activities. • A variety of movement patterns is possible, incorporating single plane or multiplanar motions. An exercise can be highly specific to one muscle or generalized to several muscle groups. Movement patterns that replicate functional activities can be resisted. • Free weights with interchangeable disks, such as a barbell, are versatile and can be used for patients with many different levels of strength, but they require patient or pers...

Joint Mobilization: • Joint mobilization refers to manual therapy techniques that are used to modulate pain and treat joint dysfunctions that limit range of motion (ROM) by specifically addressing the altered mechanics of the joint.  • The altered joint mechanics may be due to  o pain and muscle guarding o joint effusion o contractures or adhesions in the joint capsu les or supporting ligaments, or malalignment or subluxation of the bony surfaces. • Joint mobilization stretching techniques differ from other forms of passive or self-stretching in that they specifically address restricted capsular tissue by replicating normal joint mechanics while minimizing abnormal compressive stresses on the articular cartilage in the joint. • When indicated, joint mobilization is a safe, effective means of restoring or maintaining joint play within a joint and can also be used for treating pain. Mobilization/Manipulation • Mobilization and manipulation are two words that have come to have t...

PNF or Active Inhibition includes • Type 1: Agonist Contraction (AC) [Reciprocal Inhibition- Muscle spindle] • Type 2: Hold-Relax (HR) or Contract-Relax (CR) [Autogenic inhibition- GTO] • Type 3: Hold-Relax with agonist contraction (HR-AC) Type 1: Agonist Contraction (AC): • Agonist refers to the muscle opposite the range-limiting muscle. So antago nist refers to the range limiting muscle. • The short muscle (antagonist) preventing the full movement of the prime mover (agonist) • To perform agonist contraction, the client concentrically contract (shorten) the muscle opposite the range-limiting muscle & then holds the end range position at least several seconds (6-10 seconds) • When the agonist is activated & contracts concentrically, the antagonist (the range-limiting muscle) is reciprocally inhibited, allowing it to relax & lengthen more easily. • Effective for o Early subacute condition o Acute muscle spasm for non-traumatic injury Type 2: Hold-Relax (HR) or Contract Rel...